Tag Archives: 佛教与艺术
- 8-11-2019
佛教与艺术
概要：
佛教的宗教态度包括人本、自力、智信、和谐、如实、着重于苦的止息，有别于其它多神或一神宗教，因此也常被形容为“生活的艺术”。佛陀入灭以后，最早期的 佛教艺术多为浮雕，主题环绕在本生经故事与佛陀 的生平，以间接的事物象征而非 佛像代表佛陀。公元前一世纪贵霜王朝时期，佛像才出现在古代印度北部，最早有犍陀罗及秣菟罗风格。笈多王朝时期佛像发展出“完美造型”，对后来各地发展出来的佛像造型有深远影响。随着佛教弘扬传播至各个地域，也衍生出各类深具本土文化的佛教艺术，百花齐放，历久弥新。依艺术的四大特征即情感、形象、主题、时空占有来 看，佛教艺术自然体现着佛教的教理和中心思想，使其超然于其它艺术而兼具弘化、供养与修持的宗教功能。佛教艺术以真、善、美的价值成为修学佛法的接引，并有助于将佛教的元素渗透到各地的生活日常及民俗文化里，已然成为现今佛教的重要一部分。Abstract:
The Buddhist attitude of mind includes self-reliance, human supremacy, freedom of thought, tolerance and peace, seeing things as they are, and emphasis on realising the cessation of suffering. Buddhism is hence regarded by some as“the way of life”rather than as a religion in the popular sense of the term. Relief sculptures on railings and gateways of stupas depicting stories from the historic as well as previous lives of the Buddha were the earliest form of Buddhist art, where the Buddha was not represented in human form yet but represented by symbols such as the Bodhi tree or an empty seat. The first century A.D. saw the emergent of the earliest Buddha images – the Gandhara and Mathura styles in northern India, under the Kushan period. During the Gupta period, referred to as the Golden Age, an “ideal image” of the Buddha was created, and became the model for Buddha images in various countries in the following centuries. With the subsequent propagation of Buddhism to different geographical regions, Buddhist art prosper as it adapts to various local styles, reflecting the diverse existing cultures of the host countries. The values and attitude of the Buddha’s teaching are embodied in Buddhist art, and can be seen through the main components of art, namely content, subject and form. These qualities enable Buddhist art to differentiate itself from other arts, rendering it the unique roles and functions in the practice and propagation of Buddhism, and form a significant component in various traditions of Buddhist culture today.